DIPLOMASI INDONESIA TERHADAP PERJANJIAN PERDAGANGAN SENJATA (ARMS TRADE TREATY) PADA SIDANG MAJELIS UMUM PBB TAHUN 2013
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v4i2.334Abstract
Artikel ini menganalisis sikap abstain Indonesia di Perjanjian Perdagangan Senjata (Arms Trade Treaty/ATT) pada tahun 2013 di Sidang Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) di New York. Permasalahan muncul Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara yang mendukung terbentuknya ATT dari awal pembahasan pada tahun 2006. Selain itu, sebelum terbentuknya ATT, Indonesia turut berpartisipasi aktif dalam rezim internasional mengenai senjata konvensional seperti Mine Ban Treaty dan Convention on Cluster Munitions. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk (1) menggambarkan faktor, proses pembentukan ATT, dan isi perjanjian ATT seperti prinsip dan aturan, (2) menjelaskan partisipasi aktif Indonesia dalam rezim internasional senjata konvensional sebelum ATT, (3) menganalisa sikap abstain Indonesia terhadap ATT. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan data sekunder. Data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan teori rezim internasional. Melalui teori pilihan rasional menghasilkan suatu pemahaman bahwa terdapat dua kepentingan Indonesia di dalam ATT, yaitu kepentingan mencegah perdagangan gelap dan menjaga kepentingan pertahanan. Meskipun Indonesia memiliki permasalahan mengenai perdagangan senjata gelap konvensional, tetapi Indonesia tetap memilih kepentingan pertahanan sebagai hal yang paling vital.
Â
Kata Kunci: Indonesia, Arms Trade Treaty, senjata konvensional
References
Buku
Stohl, Rachel. 2010. U.S. Policy and the Arms Trade Treaty. London: Chatham House.
Jurnal
Muggah, Robert and Peter Batchelor. 2002. Development Held Hostage: Assessing the Effect of the Small Arms on Human Development. UNDP.
Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom. 2011. WILP Resolution on the Arms Trade Treaty. Geneva: Quadrennial.
Tesis
Witarti, Denik Iswardani. 2003. Isu SALW (Small Arms and Light Weapons) Sebagai Isu Keamanan Nasional (National Security) Studi Kasus: Indonesia. Tesis (tidak diterbitkan). Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia.
Dokumen Resmi
Amnesty International. 2007. “A Global Arms Trade Treaty: What States Wantâ€.
Kementerian Luar Negeri Indonesia. 2013. Perjanjian Perdagangan Senjata Tahun 2013. Jakarta: Kemenlu RI.
Khan, Yusra. 2012. Fourth Session of the Preparatory Comitte for United Nations Conference on Arms Trade Treaty. New York: Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations.
United Nations General Assembly. Towards an Arms Trade Treaty: Establishing Common International Standards for the Import, Export, and Transfer of Conventional Arms, A/62/278, 2007.
Wawancara
Wawancara dengan Andy Rachmianto, Direktur Keamanan Internasional dan Perlucutan Senjata (KIPS), Kementerian Luar Negeri (Kemenlu), Jakarta, 22 Mei 2014.
Wawancara melalui email dengan Fikry Cassidy, perwakilan Indonesia dalam pembahasan ATT.
Website
Forum Kompas, “Indonesia Abstain Soal Traktat Perdagangan Senjataâ€, dalam http://forum.kompas.com/internasional/251558-indonesia-abstain-soal-traktat-perdagangan-senjata.html, 6 Juni2013, diunduh pada 19 September 2013.
General Assembly, “Overwhelming Majority of States in General Assembly Say ‘Yes’ to Arms Trade Treaty to Stave off Irresponsible Transfers That Perpetuate Conflict, Human Sufferingâ€, 2 April 2013, dalam http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2013/ga11354.doc.htm, diunduh pada 7 Desember 2013.
http://www.un.org/disarmament/ATT, diunduh pada 19 September 2013.
Medanbisnisdaily, “1.804 Potensi Konflik di Indonesiaâ€, dalam http://www.medanbisnisdaily.com/news/read/2013/08/30/47863/1804_potensi_konflik_di_indonesia/, 30 Agustus 2013, diunduh pada 11 Desember 2013.
Tempo, “Indonesia Refuses to Sign Arms Trade Treaty,†dalam http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2013/06/04/074485771/Indonesia-Refuses-to-Sign-Arms-Trade-Treaty, 4 Juni 2013, diunduh pada 20 September 2013.
The Jakarta Post, “Indonesia and Arms Trade Treaty,†http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/06/27/indonesia-and-arms-trade-treaty.htm, 27 Juni 2013, diunduh pada 20 September 2013.
“United Nations Documentsâ€, dalam http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/CONF.217/1&Lang=E diunduh pada 28 Oktober 2013.
“United States Department of Defense (DOD)â€, dalam http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary/, diunduh pada 5 Oktober 2013.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Open Access. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Delayed Open Access. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work [SPECIFY PERIOD OF TIME] after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
