THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMICS ON POLITICAL AWARENESS IN THE EFFORT TO INCREASE A NATION'S RESILIENCE (CASE STUDIES OF FIVE MAJOR CITIES IN INDONESIA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v13i1.1821Keywords:
population, growth domestic product (GDP), health, education, political awarenessAbstract
The existence of an income gap in political participation is explained in this article using Stylized Facts. This study examines the relationship between income and political consciousness in five major Indonesian cities using population, Growth Domestic Product (GDP), health spending, and education spending. The population effects GDP and the proportion of income allocated to Education and Health. In five main cities in Indonesia, income inequality will affect political consciousness. The population affects GDP, which in turn affects the proportion of income allocated to Education and Health. An acceptable allocation of wealth to Education and Health affects political awareness since it influences an individual's aptitude and capacity to reason about their political perceptions.
References
References
Alford, R. R., & Friedland, R. (1975). Political participation and public policy. Annual Review of Sociology, 1(1), 429-479.
Campbell, D. E. (2013). Social networks and political participation. Annual Review of Political Science, 16, 33-48.
Carnegie, P. J. (2008). Democratization and decentralization in post-Soeharto Indonesia: Understanding transition dynamics. Pacific Affairs, 81(4), 515-525.
Crain, W. M., & Deaton, T. H. (1977). A note on political participation as consumption behavior. Public Choice, 32(1), 131-135.
Elias, E. F., & Malini, H. (n.d.). DO RELIGION AFFILIATIONS CONTRIBUTE TO INVESTOR INVESTING DECISION? A STUDY OF INTERPRETIVE PARADIGMS AND ETHNOGRAPHIC METHODS. Tanjungpura International Journal on Dynamics Economics, Social Sciences and Agribusiness (TIJDESSA), 1(1), 66-80.
Gurr, T. R. (1991). America as a Model for the World? A Skeptical View. PS: Political Science & Politics, 24(4), 664-667.
Hara, A. E. (2001). The difficult journey of democratization in Indonesia. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 307-326.
Honna, J. (2013). Military politics and democratization in Indonesia. Routledge.
Malini, H. (2021). Transparancy and Accountability Contribution Toward Sustainability of Banking Sector in Indonesia. Business Innovation and Entrepreneurship Journal, 3(4), 275-282.
Malini, H., Islahiyah, D., & Suwantono, E. (n.d.). Integration and Portfolio Diversification of Islamic Banking in ASEAN Emerging Countries. FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS UNIVERSITAS TANJUNGPURA, 1.
Malini, H., Seinna, Y. E., & Rustam, R. (n.d.). INDONESIA'S FOREIGN DEBT DEVELOPMENT AND MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES. Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 11(2), 144-158.
Mannarini, T., Legittimo, M., & Ta, C. (2008). Determinants of social and political participation among youth. A preliminary study. Psicologa Poltica.
Mikko Mattila, V., Rapeli, L., Wass, H. M., & S derlund, P. (2017). Health and political engagement. Taylor & Francis.
Mujani, S., Liddle, R. W., & Ambardi, K. (2018). Voting behavior in Indonesia since democratization: Critical democrats. Cambridge University Press.
Parker, W. C. (2001). Toward enlightened political engagement. Critical Issues in Social Studies Research for the 21st Century, 97-118.
Quintelier, E., & Hooghe, M. (2013). The impact of socio-economic status on political participation. In Democracy in transition (pp. 273-289). Springer.
Rasyid, M. R. (1995). Indonesia: Preparing for Post-Soeharto Rule and Its Impact on the Democratization Process. Southeast Asian Affairs, 149-163.
Russell, K. P., Fraser, J., & Frey, B. S. (1972). Political participation and income level: An exchange. Public Choice, 113-122.
Stockemer, D. (2014). What drives unconventional political participation? A two-level study. The Social Science Journal, 51(2), 201-211.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Open Access. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Delayed Open Access. Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work [SPECIFY PERIOD OF TIME] after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
