HUBUNGAN KAUSALITAS JANGKA PENDEK DAN JANGKA PANJANG PENGELUARAN PERTAHANAN TERHADAP INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI KOREA UTARA TAHUN 1990-2022

Authors

  • Nur Khotimah Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Lukman Yudho Prakoso Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Arifuddin Uksan Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v14i3.19793

Keywords:

Indeks pembangunan manusia, jangka panjang, jangka pendek, kausalitas, pengeluaran pertahanan

Abstract

Korea Utara menjadi negara yang mengalami penurunan di titik terendah, khususnya terkait krisis pangan, kebijakan pembatasan, ketergantungan pada impor, serta adanya gap pengetahuan dengan negara lain berupa pembatasan informasi dari dalam ke luar maupun informasi dari luar ke dalam. Penurunan kondisi ekonomi Korea Utara merupakan hasil dari berbagai faktor, termasuk sanksi yang diberlakukan oleh Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) dan kondisi kesejahteraan yang memburuk dengan ideologi Juche dari masyarakatnya. Di sisi lain, Korea Utara justru terobsesi untuk mengembangkan kekuatan militernya, yakni sebanyak 23,3% dari pendapatan negara digunakan untuk keperluan militer. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan kausalitas jangka panjang dan jangka pendek dari Pengeluaran Pertahanan dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Korea Utara tahun 1990-2022 dan dikaitkan relevansinya terhadap Indonesia dari segi pertahanan dan kesejahteraan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode Error Correction Model (ECM) yang diolah melalui program EViews 9, dengan 33 observasi data, yang bersumber dari World Bank, Sipri, dan Our World in Data. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa dalam jangka pendek pengeluaran pertahanan memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap indeks pembangunan manusia sebesar 20,8% dan indeks pembangunan manusia berpengaruh terhadap pengeluaran pertahanan sebesar 23,68%, sedangkan terdapat hubungan kausalitas jangka panjang yang berpengaruh negatif antara pengeluaran pertahanan terhadap indeks pembangunan manusia sebesar 41,01 persen, dan indeks pembangunan manusia terhadap pengeluaran pertahanan sebesar 10,08 persen. Sehingga, dalam penelitian ini menunjukan adanya kausalitas satu arah atau undirectional causality. Hasil temuan ini mendukung fenomena Guns vs Butter, saat pengeluaran pertahanan ditingkatkan, maka pengeluaran kesejahteraan menurun.

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Published

2024-12-30

How to Cite

Khotimah, N., Prakoso, L. Y., & Uksan, A. (2024). HUBUNGAN KAUSALITAS JANGKA PENDEK DAN JANGKA PANJANG PENGELUARAN PERTAHANAN TERHADAP INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI KOREA UTARA TAHUN 1990-2022. Jurnal Pertahanan Dan Bela Negara, 14(3), 207–226. https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v14i3.19793

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 3 (2024): Jurnal Pertahanan dan Bela Negara

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